Writing dynamic where clause in ABAP Select query

This article illustrates how to write a dynamic where clause in ABAP SELECT queries using the function module ‘RH_DYNAMIC_WHERE_BUILD’.

Calling the function module RH_DYNAMIC_WHERE_BUILD

CALL FUNCTION ‘RH_DYNAMIC_WHERE_BUILD’

 

EXPORTING

dbtable                = v_table_name

tables

condtab               = t_condtab

where_clause      = t_where_clause

EXCEPTIONS

EMPTY_CONDTAB         = 1

NO_DB_FIELD           = 2

UNKNOWN_DB            = 3

WRONG_CONDITION       = 4

OTHERS                = 5.

IF sy-subrc <> 0.

MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO

WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.

ENDIF.

Input parameters

v_table_name = Table name

t_condtab = Internal table contains the fieldnames and their
values used in where clause.

Output parameters

t_where_clause = Output string which will be used along
with the ‘WHERE’ clause in Select query. This internal table contains one field
with type character.

Populating t_condtab internal table

SFLIGHT table is used in this example to fetch data using dynamic Select query. CARRID, CONNID and FLDATE are the 3 key fields used for fetching data from SFLIGHT (MANDT field is not considered in this example).  The internal table t_condtab will be populated using these 3 fields and passed to the function module. Function module will return the internal table t_where_clause, which can be used along with the where clause in the Select query.

Sample code for fetching data from SFLIGHT using dynamic where clause

TYPES : BEGIN OF ty_where_clause,

 

line TYPE char72,

END OF ty_where_clause.

DATA : t_condtab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF hrcond,

       t_sflight TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF sflight,

t_where_clause TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_where_clause.

 

PERFORM fill_condtab USING ‘CARRID’ ‘EQ’ ‘AA’.

PERFORM fill_condtab USING ‘CONNID’ ‘EQ’ ’17’.

PERFORM fill_condtab USING ‘FLDATE’ ‘EQ’ ‘20130724’.

CALL FUNCTION ‘RH_DYNAMIC_WHERE_BUILD’

EXPORTING

dbtable              = ‘SFLIGHT’

TABLES

condtab             = t_condtab

where_clause    = t_where_clause

EXCEPTIONS

empty_condtab   = 1

no_db_field     = 2

unknown_db      = 3

wrong_condition = 4

OTHERS          = 5.

IF sy-subrc <> 0.

MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno

WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.

ENDIF.

SELECT *

FROM sflight

INTO TABLE t_sflight

WHERE (t_where_clause).

 

*&———————————————————————*

*&      Form  FILL_CONDTAB

*&———————————————————————*

FORM fill_condtab  USING    value(pv_field) TYPE dbfeld

value(pv_operator) TYPE char2

value(pv_low)   TYPE hrvalue

DATA : lx_condtab TYPE hrcond.

lx_condtab-field = pv_field.

lx_condtab-opera = pv_operator.

lx_condtab-low   = pv_low.

APPEND lx_condtab TO t_condtab.

ENDFORM.